David Crouch, Professor of Medieval History at the University of Hull concluded in his research that the Code of Chivalry does in fact date back to ancient times. It was developed between the 11th and 12th centuries. In some languages (Welsh, Spanish, Czech) ch- can be treated as a separate letter and words in it are alphabetized after -c- (or, in Czech and Slovak, after -h-). The Code of Chivalry was the code of conduct followed by the knights during the medieval period. Although expected to be aggressive, knights are also expected to show mercy towards their enemies. Knights were expected to be brave, aggressive, and fierce. The word chivalry comes from the french word chevalier meaning horsemen a knight or a young man. Sometimes ch- is written to keep -c- hard before a front vowel, as still in modern Italian. Chivalry The code of conduct includes honor, honesty, courteousness, and bravery. 1500 such words were regularly spelled with a -c- ( Crist, cronicle, scoole), but Modern English has preserved or restored the etymological spelling in most of them ( chemical, chorus, monarch). Most uses of -ch- in Roman Latin were in words from Greek, which in Greek would be pronounced correctly as /k/ + /h/, as in modern blockhead, but most Romans would have said merely /k/, and this was the regular pronunciation in English.
It turns up as well in words from classical languages ( chaos, echo, etc.).
Under French influence, -ch- also was inserted into Anglo-Saxon words that had the same sound (such as bleach, chest, church) which in Old English still was written with a simple -c-, and into those that had formerly been spelled with a -c- and pronounced "k" such as chin and much.Īs French evolved, the "t" sound dropped out of -ch-, so in later loan-words from French - ch- has only the sound "sh-" ( chauffeur, machine (n.), chivalry, etc.). In some French dialects, including that of Paris (but not that of Picardy), Latin ca- became French "tsha." This was introduced to English after the Norman Conquest, in words borrowed from Old French such as chaste, charity, chief (adj.). Digraph used in Old French for the "tsh" sound.
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